\nIn 2023, Pulendran’s team published a study in mice elucidating the mechanism. Like other vaccines, the tuberculosis vaccine induced both an innate and adaptive immune response in the mice, but unusually, the innate response was sustained for several months. The researchers discovered that T cells recruited to the lungs as part of the adaptive response were sending signals to the innate immune cells to keep them active.
\nThe mouse study showed that the composition of the naturally occurring bacterial population that lives in the gut, known as the gut microbiome, changes with age — favoring some species of bacteria over others. These changes are registered by immune cells in the gastrointestinal tract, which spark an inflammatory response that hampers the ability of the vagus nerve to signal to the hippocampus — the part of the brain responsible for memory formation and spatial navigation. Stimulating the activity of the vagus nerve in older animals turned old, forgetful mice into whisker-sharp whizzes able to remember novel objects and escape from mazes as nimbly as their younger counterparts.。业内人士推荐pg电子官网作为进阶阅读
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