Hollywood emerged as an industry cluster when early 20th‑century filmmakers fled New York and New Jersey to escape Thomas Edison’s aggressive enforcement of his patents on motion‑picture cameras, projectors, and other technologies, and to take advantage of Southern California’s cheap land and year‑round sunshine. Between roughly 1910 and the early 1920s, dozens of independent producers consolidated into vertically integrated studios—Paramount, MGM, Warner Bros., Fox, Universal—concentrating production in and around Los Angeles and locking in a dense ecosystem of stages, back lots, labs, equipment houses, and skilled labor. Worldwide distribution and exhibition were likewise managed from L.A. By the late 1920s and 1930s, this agglomeration had become a self‑reinforcing cluster: The “Golden Age” studio system produced hundreds of films a year; recruited and developed “bankable” stars beloved around the world; and drew in talent and suppliers from everywhere, elevating Hollywood from geographic neighborhood to dream factory.
【訃報】あの超有名傑作アルゴリズム「クイックソート」の作者トニー・ホーアが92才で亡くなる、チューリング賞受賞者で元オックスフォード大学名誉教授
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What actually happens is we have more bank tellers today than we did when the ATM was created, but they’re doing slightly different work. More productive. They have pretty good wages relative to other folks in the economy.
Recent data suggests government stimulus can encourage spending, but confidence remains fragile.