Although the puzzle we started with might seem silly, the study of these structures — known as Diophantine approximations — is taken seriously and gets complicated fast. For example, it’s possible to construct so-called Liouville numbers that have an infinite irrationality exponent (endless n-good approximations for any n), but it’s a lot harder to prove that there’s any commonly-encountered number with an irrationality exponent greater than two. In the same vein, algebraic irrationals (e.g., √2) all have an irrationality measure of two, but the proof of this is fiendishly difficult and netted its discoverer the Fields Medal back in 1958.
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- Is this tool in a supporting role rather than doing the primary task? Supporting-role tools escape scrutiny precisely because they're not doing the main work — and they're still in the chain of custody for anything that gets published, sent, or acted on.